Midabka isku dhafan ee birta ah waa qoys ka kooban midabyo ka kooban biro la isku duway qaybta organic.Midabyo badan oo azo ah, gaar ahaan kuwa ka soo jeeda naphthols, waxay sameeyaan dhismayaal bir ah iyagoo ka kooban mid ka mid ah xarumaha nitrogen ee azo.Midabada isku dhafan ee birta ah waa midabyo hore loo sifeeyay oo muujinaya xidhiidh wayn oo ku wajahan fiilooyinka borotiinka.Midabkan hal ama laba molecules dheeha ayaa la isku duway ion bir ah.Unugyada dheeha ayaa sida caadiga ah qaab-dhismeedka monoazo ka kooban kooxo dheeraad ah sida hydroxyl, carboxyl ama amino, kuwaas oo awood u leh inay sameeyaan isku-dubarid adag oo isku-dubbarid leh oo leh ion birta kala-guurka ah sida chromium, cobalt, nikkel iyo copper.